01 introduction

In front of the blog , About containerization Technology , I wrote a related blog , Interested students can refer to the following ：

• 《 Talk about containerization Technology 》
• 《 Talk about containerization Technology （docker Principles ）》

This article is mainly about docker Use , From installation to command set .

02 docker install

stay 《 Talk about containerization Technology （docker Principles ）》 First we need to know ,docker Not a general container tool , It depends on existing and running Linux Kernel environment .

therefore , install docker Must be installed first Linux！

2.1 Windows Lower installation docker

If you want to in Windows install docker, Then we have to start in Windows Install virtual machine , Then install the virtual machine Linux Environmental Science , Then install in the virtual machine Linux Environment re installation Docker, This process is very troublesome . not so bad docker The official website provides us with docker Of Windows The desktop version , It simplifies our installation operation , Specific download address ：https://hub.docker.com/editions/community/docker-ce-desktop-windows

It will not be detailed here Windows Lower installation docker 了 , Click next all the time to install successfully ！

2.2 Mac Lower installation docker

And Windows It's installed in the same way , We can also do that docker Download and install the installation package on the official website docker, Official website address ：https://docs.docker.com/desktop/mac/install/

Of course , You can also use homebrew Command to install ：

brew install --cask --appdir=/Applications docker

2.3 Linux Lower installation docker

You can use the official installation script to automatically install , The installation command is as follows ：

curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash -s docker --mirror Aliyun

You can also use domestic daocloud One click Install command ：

curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/docker | sh

Of course, there are manual installation methods , This article will not elaborate on , To baidu .

2.4 Mirror to accelerate

From home DockerHub Pulling images can sometimes be slow , Image accelerator can be configured , The mainstream configuration is as follows ：

• 【 Mirror image of HKUST 】：https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/
• 【 NetEase 】：https://hub-mirror.c.163.com/
• 【 Alibaba cloud 】：https://< Yours ID>.mirror.aliyuncs.com
• 【 Seven cow cloud Accelerator 】：https://reg-mirror.qiniu.com

Here are the configuration methods under different operating systems , The script code to check whether the configuration is successful is as follows , If you can see that the image address is changed to your own configuration , The configuration is successful ：

$ docker info
Registry Mirrors:
https://reg-mirror.qiniu.com

2.4.1 Linux Configuration mode under

1. stay /etc/docker/daemon.json Write the following in （ If the file does not exist, please create a new one ）：

{
"registry-mirrors":["https://reg-mirror.qiniu.com/"]}

2. Restart the service after configuration ：

$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
$ sudo systemctl restart docker

2.4.2 Windows Configuration mode under

open docker Desktop software , Open Settings Settings, Then configure Registrymirrors Fill in the accelerator address in the column ：

2.4.3 Mac Configuration mode under

Follow Windows The configuration is similar to , Click in the taskbar Docker for mac Application icon -> Perferences...-> Daemon-> Registrymirrors, Fill in the list with the accelerator address ：

03 docker Relevant concepts

docker Before practice , You need to be familiar with the following concepts ：

Concept	english	explain
Machine	Docker Machine	A simplification Docker Command line tools installed , It can be installed on the corresponding platform through a simple command line Docker
host	Docker Host	A physical or virtual machine is used to execute Docker Daemons and containers .
client	Docker Client	Docker The client uses the command line or other tools Docker SDK(https://docs.docker.com/develop/sdk/) And Docker Of the daemons .
Warehouse	Repository	Docker The repository is used to hold images , It can be understood as a code repository in code control .
Mirror image	Image	Docker Images are used to create Docker Templates for containers , such as Ubuntu System .
Containers	Container	A container is an application or group of applications that run independently , It's the entity of the mirror runtime .

Tips ： You can think of mirror images as java Class class Templates , The container is treated as an instance object new Object()

04 docker command

4.1 docker Command template

I sorted out docker Command template , Let's start with an example docker command ：

docker run -i -t ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash

You can see that the composition format of the command is as follows , Now let's explain the contents of each component ：

Format ：docker（ Declare as docker command ）+ operation （run） + Parameter modifiers （-i -t） + Action object （ubuntu:15.10）+ The contents of the object （/bin/bash）

4.1 docker operation

docker The command is followed by run operation , There are also the following methods , It is arranged as follows ：

4.1.1 Mirror related

operation	analysis	Example command
images	Lists the images on the localhost	docker images
rmi	delete mirror	docker rmi hello-world
pull	Download mirroring	docker pull ubuntu:13.10
run	Start a container	docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash
search	Find image	docker search httpd
commit	Update image	docker commit -m=“has update” -a=“runoob” e218edb10161 runoob/ubuntu:v2
build	Build a mirror image	docker build -t runoob/centos:6.7
tag	Set image label	docker tag 860c279d2fec runoob/centos:dev

4.1.2 Container related

By command docker command --help Learn more about the designated docker Command usage .

operation	analysis	Example command
command	Understand the specified Docker Command usage	docker command --help
ps	List of containers	docker ps -a
start	Start a stopped container	docker start b750bbbcfd88
restart	Restart container	docker restart b750bbbcfd88
stop	Stop container	docker stop b750bbbcfd88
exec、attach	Into the container , Recommended exec	docker exec -it 243c32535da7 /bin/bash
export	Export container	docker export 1e560fca3906 > ubuntu.tar
import	Import container snapshot	Snapshot file ubuntu.tar Import to image test/ubuntu:v1:cat docker/ubuntu.tar | docker import - test/ubuntu:v1
rm	Delete container	docker rm -f 1e560fca3906
update	Update container	Set up abebf7571666 Container restart strategy ：docker update --restart=always abebf7571666
logs	View container log	docker logs -f bf08b7f2cd89
stats	Monitoring container	docker stats —no-stream
port	Check the binding of the port	docker port adoring_stonebraker
network	New network	docker network create -d bridge test-net
network	New network	docker network create -d bridge test-net

4.1.3 Warehouse related

operation	analysis	Example command
login	Sign in	docker login
logout	sign out	docker logout
push	Push your image to Docker Hub	docker push username/ubuntu:18.04

4.2 docker Modifier

Modifier	analysis	Example command
-t	Specify a pseudo terminal or terminal in the new container	docker run -i -t ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash
-i	Allows you to enter standard input into the container (STDIN) Interact	docker run -i -t ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash
-d	Background operation mode	docker run -itd --name ubuntu-test ubuntu /bin/bash
-f	Foreground operation mode	docker logs -f bf08b7f2cd89
-f	Foreground operation mode	docker logs -f bf08b7f2cd89
-e	Set the environment variable	docker run -itd --name mysql-test -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql
-P	Randomly map the network ports used in the container to the hosts we use	docker run -d -P training/webapp python app.py
-a	View all	docker ps -a
Combination order , Such as -itd	Interactive 、 terminal 、 Background operation	docker run -itd --name ubuntu-test ubuntu /bin/bash

4.3 docker Action object

Action object	analysis	Example command
Mirror image	The image pulled from the warehouse images	docker pull ubuntu:13.10
Containers	Containers created based on images	docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash

4.4 docker Object content

Object content	analysis	Example command
Execute commands in the container	Commands executed in the boot container	docker run ubuntu:15.10 /bin/echo “Hello world”
Container directory	Enter the container root directory	docker exec -it 243c32535da7 /bin/bash
environment variable	Set the environment variable	docker run -itd --name mysql-test -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql
Operation of other contents	Operation of other contents	nothing

05 summary

This paper starts from docker Start with installation , Let's talk about docker The concept of 、 Instructions , This knowledge should be enough to get us started , If you want to go deep , We have to practice more , Practice can test knowledge .

This article is through reading 《 Novice tutorial 》 Organized notes , There may be a mistake , Welcome to leave a message to point out and pay attention to . The end of this paper ！